Showing posts with label tricks and tips. Show all posts
Showing posts with label tricks and tips. Show all posts
Tuesday 27 November 2012
Basic Guide To Crontab
Well it has been a busy week and now I am back with this basic guide to running cron jobs in linux.
Cron is a time-based job scheduling program which comes shipped with most linux distributions and enables users to execute commands or set of scripts automatically at the specified time. Cron is particularly important for system administration and maintenance though it can be used for any general purpose such as scheduling your porn downloads. My post is based on the Vixie Cron, a popular implementation of Cron by Paul Vixie which is by default the cron program in Ubuntu. Other implementations of the cron are anacron, fcron, and dcron.
The cron daemon runs automatically during the startup and consults the crontabs (shorthand for cron tables) for jobs to executed. Crontabs are nothing but files containing the commands to be run at the specified time, however there is a particular (& simple to remember) syntax for cronjobs to be run. You could directly edit these cron tables files but that's not the recommended way. You should always use the crontab editor to add/update jobs to the crontabs.
Cron searches its spool area (located at /var/spool/cron/crontabs) for crontab files which are named after the user accounts from /etc/passwd. As a matter of precaution, you should not directly manipulate the files in there. Additionally, cron reads the /etc/crontab file and all the files in /etc/cron.d. Also, there are other folders: /etc/cron.daily, /etc/cron.hourly, /etc/cron.monthly, and /etc/cron.weekly. And, the name of folders are obvious so if you put the scripts in one of these folders, your script will run either daily or hourly or monthly or weekly.
Since you got several files associated with cron, you have bunch of options on running the cron jobs in your system. First lets start with the crontab tool which is used to install, deinstall or list the tables used to drive the cron daemon. If the /etc/cron.allow file exists, then you must be listed (one user per line) therein in order to be allowed to use this command. If the /etc/cron.allow file does not exist but the /etc/cron.deny file does exist, then you must not be listed in the /etc/cron.deny file in order to use this command.
The crontab command provides following options:
crontab can be configured to use any of the editors.
To list the user's crontab, use the following command:
To delete existing cron table, type:
To install new cron table, type:
If you are wishing to add commands that require root privilege for execution, make sure you prepend sudo in the above command to add such commands to crontabs. The cron table expects each line of cron job in the following format:
These columns take the values in the range below:
Apart from these values, the cron entries accept other special characters. In each of these five columns:
Now we know the format of how should each line of cron entry should look like, lets see some examples.
The information below is taken directly from man 5 crontab and can serve as a good reference for special strings in place of the 5 columns:
Now that you are feeling better with cronjobs, we will see how we can add cronjobs in the /etc/crontab file. The different thing about this crontab file is that there is an extra column for user field so that the particular cron entry is executed as the specified user.
The format for cron entry is similar to what we've seen already, with an extra column for user.
You can use any text editor such as nano or vi to edit the /etc/crontab file.
Finally, once you update crons, make sure to restart the cron daemon to ensure your new cron entries get read by the daemon.
I hope this primer for crontab helps you in your job scheduling job :D
Read more...
Cron is a time-based job scheduling program which comes shipped with most linux distributions and enables users to execute commands or set of scripts automatically at the specified time. Cron is particularly important for system administration and maintenance though it can be used for any general purpose such as scheduling your porn downloads. My post is based on the Vixie Cron, a popular implementation of Cron by Paul Vixie which is by default the cron program in Ubuntu. Other implementations of the cron are anacron, fcron, and dcron.
The cron daemon runs automatically during the startup and consults the crontabs (shorthand for cron tables) for jobs to executed. Crontabs are nothing but files containing the commands to be run at the specified time, however there is a particular (& simple to remember) syntax for cronjobs to be run. You could directly edit these cron tables files but that's not the recommended way. You should always use the crontab editor to add/update jobs to the crontabs.
Cron searches its spool area (located at /var/spool/cron/crontabs) for crontab files which are named after the user accounts from /etc/passwd. As a matter of precaution, you should not directly manipulate the files in there. Additionally, cron reads the /etc/crontab file and all the files in /etc/cron.d. Also, there are other folders: /etc/cron.daily, /etc/cron.hourly, /etc/cron.monthly, and /etc/cron.weekly. And, the name of folders are obvious so if you put the scripts in one of these folders, your script will run either daily or hourly or monthly or weekly.
Since you got several files associated with cron, you have bunch of options on running the cron jobs in your system. First lets start with the crontab tool which is used to install, deinstall or list the tables used to drive the cron daemon. If the /etc/cron.allow file exists, then you must be listed (one user per line) therein in order to be allowed to use this command. If the /etc/cron.allow file does not exist but the /etc/cron.deny file does exist, then you must not be listed in the /etc/cron.deny file in order to use this command.
The crontab command provides following options:
-e edit user's crontab
-l list user's crontab
-r delete user's crontab
-i prompt before deleting user's crontab
crontab can be configured to use any of the editors.
To list the user's crontab, use the following command:
$ crontab -l
To delete existing cron table, type:
$ crontab -ir
To install new cron table, type:
$ crontab -e
If you are wishing to add commands that require root privilege for execution, make sure you prepend sudo in the above command to add such commands to crontabs. The cron table expects each line of cron job in the following format:
m h dom mon dow command
i.e.
minute hour day_of_month month day_of_week command_to_run
i.e.
minute hour day_of_month month day_of_week command_to_run
These columns take the values in the range below:
Minute (0 - 59) Hour (0 - 23) Day of month (1 - 31) Month (1 - 12) Day of the week (0 - 6, 0 representing sunday, 6 saturday)
Apart from these values, the cron entries accept other special characters. In each of these five columns:
- An asterisk (*) stands for "every".
- Slashes (/) are used to describe increments of ranges eg. */15 in minutes column would execute the specified command regularly and repeatedly after 15 minute.
- Commas (,) are used to separate items of a list. eg. using 1,2,3 in the 5th field (day of week) would mean Mondays, Tuesday, and Wednesday.
- Hyphens (-) are used to define ranges. For example, 2-5 in the 5th field would indicate Tuesday to Friday.
Now we know the format of how should each line of cron entry should look like, lets see some examples.
Run backup at 5 a.m every Monday
0 5 * * 1 /bin/mybackup
Run backup at 12:01 a.m monday-thursday
1 0 * * 1-4 /bin/mybackup
Run backup at 12:01 a.m on monday and thursday
1 0 * * 1,4 /bin/mybackup
Run backup every minute
* * * * * /bin/mybackup
Run backup every 15 minutes repeatedly
*/15 * * * * /bin/mybackup
The information below is taken directly from man 5 crontab and can serve as a good reference for special strings in place of the 5 columns:
@reboot Run once, at startup.
@yearly Run once a year, "0 0 1 1 *".
@annually (same as @yearly)
@monthly Run once a month, "0 0 1 * *".
@weekly Run once a week, "0 0 * * 0".
@daily Run once a day, "0 0 * * *".
@midnight (same as @daily)
@hourly Run once an hour, "0 * * * *".
Now that you are feeling better with cronjobs, we will see how we can add cronjobs in the /etc/crontab file. The different thing about this crontab file is that there is an extra column for user field so that the particular cron entry is executed as the specified user.
The format for cron entry is similar to what we've seen already, with an extra column for user.
m h dom mon dow user command
You can use any text editor such as nano or vi to edit the /etc/crontab file.
Finally, once you update crons, make sure to restart the cron daemon to ensure your new cron entries get read by the daemon.
$ sudo service cron restart
I hope this primer for crontab helps you in your job scheduling job :D
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Friday 23 November 2012
Video Transcoding With HandBrake In Linux
HandBrake is a GPL-licensed, multiplatform, multithreaded video transcoder available for major platforms: linux, mac, and windows. HandBrake converts video from nearly any format to a handful of modern ones.
Handbrake can save output in two containers, MP4 and MKV and I've been using it as a MKV transcoder for a while and I'm quite satisfied with it. Even though the official wiki says its not a ripper, I can see it to be quite useful DVD ripper.
Handbrake is available in CLI (HandBrakeCLI) and GUI (ghb) mode. Hence this offers the flexibility to choose the appropriate version according to your linux personality. As of now, we can install HandBrake from PPA and the latest version is v. 0.9.8 released back in July this year.
HandBrake can be installed from PPA. Issue the following commands in your terminal
Or if you wish to install the GUI version, type:
I recommend using the CLI version since you can transcode/convert videos much more efficiently if you use the CLI version. But if you are not comfortable with the command line interfaces, the GUI version of HandBrake is also quite good.
Only problem I have felt is the naming convention of the commands for both the GUI and CLI versions of the tool. In order to run two versions of this tool, you need to type HandBrakeCLI for CLI version and ghb for the GUI version. The problem here is with the naming convention for the binaries. I mean, the names handbrake-cli and handbrake-gtk would be more straightforward than these badly chosen names. Otherwise, the tool does pretty good job of video conversion and can be good alternative if you are not comfortable with ffmpeg. Note that ffmpeg is also capable of video conversions of different formats and is a great tool. :)
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Handbrake can save output in two containers, MP4 and MKV and I've been using it as a MKV transcoder for a while and I'm quite satisfied with it. Even though the official wiki says its not a ripper, I can see it to be quite useful DVD ripper.
Handbrake is available in CLI (HandBrakeCLI) and GUI (ghb) mode. Hence this offers the flexibility to choose the appropriate version according to your linux personality. As of now, we can install HandBrake from PPA and the latest version is v. 0.9.8 released back in July this year.
HandBrake can be installed from PPA. Issue the following commands in your terminal
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install handbrake-cli
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install handbrake-cli
Or if you wish to install the GUI version, type:
$ sudo apt-get install handbrake-gtk
I recommend using the CLI version since you can transcode/convert videos much more efficiently if you use the CLI version. But if you are not comfortable with the command line interfaces, the GUI version of HandBrake is also quite good.
Only problem I have felt is the naming convention of the commands for both the GUI and CLI versions of the tool. In order to run two versions of this tool, you need to type HandBrakeCLI for CLI version and ghb for the GUI version. The problem here is with the naming convention for the binaries. I mean, the names handbrake-cli and handbrake-gtk would be more straightforward than these badly chosen names. Otherwise, the tool does pretty good job of video conversion and can be good alternative if you are not comfortable with ffmpeg. Note that ffmpeg is also capable of video conversions of different formats and is a great tool. :)
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Sunday 11 November 2012
Wappalyzer - Browser Extension To Identify Web Servers
Wappalyzer is a very useful browser extension that reveals the web technologies and server softwares used behind to empower any webpage. This extension identifies different CMS, e-commerce portals, blogging platforms, web servers, frameworks, analytic tools, etc.
This very useful browser extension is available for Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome. It is quite useful in server fingerprinting and identification steps. Wappalyzer tracks and detects several hundred applications under several categories.
Wappalyzer for Mozilla Firefox
Wappalyzer for Google Chrome
Wappalyzer @ GitHub
Once you install the addon and reload the browser, you will see the icons for identified applications on the right side of address bar (near to the bookmark & reload icon) in Mozilla Firefox. You can click in that area for more details.
One particular setting you would like to disable is the tracking and gathering of anonymous data which is *said* to be used for research purposes. You can turn off the tracking by going to the addon's preference page. Screenshot below shows the preference page in Mozilla Firefox.
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This very useful browser extension is available for Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome. It is quite useful in server fingerprinting and identification steps. Wappalyzer tracks and detects several hundred applications under several categories.
Wappalyzer for Mozilla Firefox
Wappalyzer for Google Chrome
Wappalyzer @ GitHub
Once you install the addon and reload the browser, you will see the icons for identified applications on the right side of address bar (near to the bookmark & reload icon) in Mozilla Firefox. You can click in that area for more details.
One particular setting you would like to disable is the tracking and gathering of anonymous data which is *said* to be used for research purposes. You can turn off the tracking by going to the addon's preference page. Screenshot below shows the preference page in Mozilla Firefox.
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Saturday 3 November 2012
Bypass Slot Reservation In Counter Strike 1.6
So you are crazy about CS but your local servers are always packed and can not enter the servers due to slot reservations for admins? Don't worry, this guide will provide an insight and step by step details on how to bypass slot reservation in Amx Mod X powered servers.
I checked the source code of slot reservation plugin (adminslots.sma) from AMXMODX source and found out that the admin slot plugin was executing a brute-force vulnerable randomized command at the client end. See the line of code below:
The bruteforce space is quite small, 4 uppercase characters from A-Z i.e. 26 * 26 * 26 * 26 combination is the maximum amount of search required to find the random part of the command. Hence, the command executed at client end is amxresXXXX where {X: X belongs to [A-Z]}. If there are still slots available for normal players or if the connecting user has slot reservation privilege, he will be able to connect to the server otherwise the server will kick the user. We are not going to bruteforce but we are going to use a memory viewer and editor software that is capable of reading the contents in the memory (RAM).
Basically, we hook into the Counter Strike client process from one of the freely available memory editors. We then connect to the server and get dropped due to the slot reservation message. In the meantime, the server sends the partial-random command.. FYI, these memory viewers make use of kernel APIs such as ReadProcessMemory() to read the memory layout of any process. We search for the initial part of the string which is amxres.
Once we find the unique string sent by server to our client, we use the alias command with amxresXXXX as our alias. For your info, alias provides a mechanism to group different commands to achieve something more useful.
The syntax of alias is: alias "alias_name" "cmd1; cmd2; ...; cmdn" And here we've just created an alias "amxresXXXX" which does nothing since the commands list is missing there.
The tool I've used here is ArtMoney available for download at http://www.artmoney.ru/e_download_se.htm In case, the site goes down, you can get it from here: http://www.4shared.com/file/wm7V4pgv/artmoney740eng.html
Several similar tools exist & are available for free. Some of them are CheatEngine (http://cheatengine.org/downloads.php) and Poke (http://codefromthe70s.org/poke.aspx)
Check the video below for more information:
Read more...
format(g_cmdLoopback, 15, "amxres%c%c%c%c", random_num('A', 'Z'), random_num('A', 'Z'), random_num('A', 'Z'), random_num('A', 'Z'))
The bruteforce space is quite small, 4 uppercase characters from A-Z i.e. 26 * 26 * 26 * 26 combination is the maximum amount of search required to find the random part of the command. Hence, the command executed at client end is amxresXXXX where {X: X belongs to [A-Z]}. If there are still slots available for normal players or if the connecting user has slot reservation privilege, he will be able to connect to the server otherwise the server will kick the user. We are not going to bruteforce but we are going to use a memory viewer and editor software that is capable of reading the contents in the memory (RAM).
Basically, we hook into the Counter Strike client process from one of the freely available memory editors. We then connect to the server and get dropped due to the slot reservation message. In the meantime, the server sends the partial-random command.. FYI, these memory viewers make use of kernel APIs such as ReadProcessMemory() to read the memory layout of any process. We search for the initial part of the string which is amxres.
Once we find the unique string sent by server to our client, we use the alias command with amxresXXXX as our alias. For your info, alias provides a mechanism to group different commands to achieve something more useful.
The syntax of alias is: alias "alias_name" "cmd1; cmd2; ...; cmdn" And here we've just created an alias "amxresXXXX" which does nothing since the commands list is missing there.
The tool I've used here is ArtMoney available for download at http://www.artmoney.ru/e_download_se.htm In case, the site goes down, you can get it from here: http://www.4shared.com/file/wm7V4pgv/artmoney740eng.html
Several similar tools exist & are available for free. Some of them are CheatEngine (http://cheatengine.org/downloads.php) and Poke (http://codefromthe70s.org/poke.aspx)
Check the video below for more information:
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Make Your Linux Read Papers For You
Fed up of reading text files and PDF papers? Is you eye power degrading day by day and can't hold even few minutes on screen? Don't worry, you can easily make your linux system speak and read all those papers for you.
There are several text to speech tools available for linux but in this post, I will be using festival, a Text-to-speech (TTS) tool written in C++. Also, Ubuntu and its derivation are most likely to include by default espeak, a multi-lingual software speech synthesizer.
For ubuntu and debian based system, type the following to install festival:
Moreover, you can also install a pidgin plugin that uses festival:
For now, you just need to install festival. Once you have installed festival, you can make it read text files for you. If you go through the online manual of festival, it says:
"Festival works in two fundamental modes, command mode and text-to-speech mode (tts-mode). In command mode, information (in files or through standard input) is treated as commands and is interpreted by a Scheme interpreter. In tts-mode, information (in files or through standard input) is treated as text to be rendered as speech. The default mode is command mode, though this may change in later versions."
To read a text file, you can use the command below:
The festival will start in text-to-speech (tts) mode and will read your text files for you. But now, we want to read PDF files and if you try to read PDF files directly (festival --tts paper.pdf), festival is most likely to speak the cryptic terms since it actually reads the content of PDF including its header (You know PDF is different than simple text file). So we will use a pdftotext command to convert our pdf file and then pipe the output to the festival so that festival reads the PDF files for us. You can use the syntax as below to read PDF files.
If you want to skip all those table of contents and prefaces or if you are in the middle of PDF, you can use the switches of pdftotext to change the starting and ending pages. For example, if I wish to read page 10 - 14 of a PDF, I would do:
Enjoy learning. I hope this post helps you ;)
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There are several text to speech tools available for linux but in this post, I will be using festival, a Text-to-speech (TTS) tool written in C++. Also, Ubuntu and its derivation are most likely to include by default espeak, a multi-lingual software speech synthesizer.
For ubuntu and debian based system, type the following to install festival:
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ sudo apt-get install festival
Moreover, you can also install a pidgin plugin that uses festival:
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ sudo apt-get install pidgin-festival
For now, you just need to install festival. Once you have installed festival, you can make it read text files for you. If you go through the online manual of festival, it says:
"Festival works in two fundamental modes, command mode and text-to-speech mode (tts-mode). In command mode, information (in files or through standard input) is treated as commands and is interpreted by a Scheme interpreter. In tts-mode, information (in files or through standard input) is treated as text to be rendered as speech. The default mode is command mode, though this may change in later versions."
To read a text file, you can use the command below:
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ festival --tts mypaper.txt
The festival will start in text-to-speech (tts) mode and will read your text files for you. But now, we want to read PDF files and if you try to read PDF files directly (festival --tts paper.pdf), festival is most likely to speak the cryptic terms since it actually reads the content of PDF including its header (You know PDF is different than simple text file). So we will use a pdftotext command to convert our pdf file and then pipe the output to the festival so that festival reads the PDF files for us. You can use the syntax as below to read PDF files.
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ pdftotext paper.pdf - | festival --tts
If you want to skip all those table of contents and prefaces or if you are in the middle of PDF, you can use the switches of pdftotext to change the starting and ending pages. For example, if I wish to read page 10 - 14 of a PDF, I would do:
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ pdftotext -f 10 -l 14 paper.pdf - | festival --tts
Enjoy learning. I hope this post helps you ;)
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Tuesday 30 October 2012
Download MakeUseOf.com Guides - Google Dork
Well makeuseof.com guides are good read for the average computer users and sometimes the guide from them can be quite useful for startup in particular topic. But, I hate the ways we need to follow to download so here's a simple google dork to find PDFs from makeuseof.com
MakeUseOf.Com provides three methods to download the guides: social media sharing, 99 cent payment, and subscription to their newsletter. I hate when sites impose such things and here is how you can get those PDFs directly.
Go to google and type the following in search box:
or, CLICK HERE!!!
Enjoy free MakeUseOf.Com guides ;)
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MakeUseOf.Com provides three methods to download the guides: social media sharing, 99 cent payment, and subscription to their newsletter. I hate when sites impose such things and here is how you can get those PDFs directly.
Go to google and type the following in search box:
site:amazonaws.com inurl:makeuseof.com
or, CLICK HERE!!!
Enjoy free MakeUseOf.Com guides ;)
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Sunday 21 October 2012
Enable Auto Correction Of Path In Bash
While using the cd command, its normal to make mistakes while typing the directory path. You can enable auto-correction while typing directory path by enabling a particular shell option.
Minor spelling mistakes will be corrected automatically if the particular shell option cdspell using the SHell OPTions command invoked with shopt command.
When you enable the cdspell shell option, the errors checked for are missing characters, repeated characters, and transposed characters. Once the error is encountered, the corrected path is printed and directory is changed successfully.
The line shopt -s cdspell enables the auto-correction while using cd command. The session above shows some of the corrections performed once we enabled the cdspell shell option.
If you want to turn on this particular setting, then add the appropriate line using the command below:
I hope this counts as useful tips to beginner linux guys ;)
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Minor spelling mistakes will be corrected automatically if the particular shell option cdspell using the SHell OPTions command invoked with shopt command.
When you enable the cdspell shell option, the errors checked for are missing characters, repeated characters, and transposed characters. Once the error is encountered, the corrected path is printed and directory is changed successfully.
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ shopt -s cdspell
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cd Desktp
Desktop
samar@samar-Techgaun:~/Desktop$ cd ../Deskotp/
../Desktop/
samar@samar-Techgaun:~/Desktop$ cd ../Desktoop
../Desktop
samar@samar-Techgaun:~/Desktop$
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cd Desktp
Desktop
samar@samar-Techgaun:~/Desktop$ cd ../Deskotp/
../Desktop/
samar@samar-Techgaun:~/Desktop$ cd ../Desktoop
../Desktop
samar@samar-Techgaun:~/Desktop$
The line shopt -s cdspell enables the auto-correction while using cd command. The session above shows some of the corrections performed once we enabled the cdspell shell option.
If you want to turn on this particular setting, then add the appropriate line using the command below:
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ echo "shopt -s cdspell" >> ~/.bash_profile
I hope this counts as useful tips to beginner linux guys ;)
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Monday 15 October 2012
Useful Nautilus Shortcuts
Nautilus is a default file manager for GNOME Desktop and is used as the default file manager in several linux distros such as Ubuntu. I love nautilus because its simple, friendly, and clean, supports local as well as remote file systems over different protocols. Moreover, there are several useful shortcuts that make life easier while using nautilus.
Below is the list of the most helpful shortcuts for navigation and file management in the nautilus:
Ctrl + r: Refresh the current view
Ctrl + h: Toggle show/hide mode for hidden files
F9: Show/Hide the side pane
Ctrl + l: Activate location/url bar (You can then provide path to local or remote filesystems or quickly copy the absolute paths)
Alt + Up Arrow: Move up one directory level
Alt + Down Arrow: Move down one directory level (the directory to be entered should be selected for this to work)
Alt + Left Arrow: Go back to the previous folder in view
Alt + Right Arrow: Go forward
Ctrl + Shift + n: Create a new empty directory
Ctrl + (+ / -): Zoom in (+) or zoom out (-)
Ctrl + 0: Zoom to normal state
Alt + Enter: View selected file/folder properties
F2: Rename selected file/folder
Ctrl + Shift + Drag file/folder: Create symbolic link to file/folder
Ctrl + f: Search for files/folders
Ctrl + s: Select files based upon templates (eg. select all pdf files using *.pdf)
Ctrl + 1: Toggle view as icons
Ctrl + 2: Toggle view as lists
Ctrl + 3: Toggle compact view
Ctrl + w: Close current nautilus window
Ctrl + Shift + w: Current all open nautilus windows
Ctrl + T: Open new tab
Alt + HOME: Navigate to HOME folder
F6: Toggle between side pane and central pane
Know more shortcuts? Share as the comments :)
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Below is the list of the most helpful shortcuts for navigation and file management in the nautilus:
Ctrl + r: Refresh the current view
Ctrl + h: Toggle show/hide mode for hidden files
F9: Show/Hide the side pane
Ctrl + l: Activate location/url bar (You can then provide path to local or remote filesystems or quickly copy the absolute paths)
Alt + Up Arrow: Move up one directory level
Alt + Down Arrow: Move down one directory level (the directory to be entered should be selected for this to work)
Alt + Left Arrow: Go back to the previous folder in view
Alt + Right Arrow: Go forward
Ctrl + Shift + n: Create a new empty directory
Ctrl + (+ / -): Zoom in (+) or zoom out (-)
Ctrl + 0: Zoom to normal state
Alt + Enter: View selected file/folder properties
F2: Rename selected file/folder
Ctrl + Shift + Drag file/folder: Create symbolic link to file/folder
Ctrl + f: Search for files/folders
Ctrl + s: Select files based upon templates (eg. select all pdf files using *.pdf)
Ctrl + 1: Toggle view as icons
Ctrl + 2: Toggle view as lists
Ctrl + 3: Toggle compact view
Ctrl + w: Close current nautilus window
Ctrl + Shift + w: Current all open nautilus windows
Ctrl + T: Open new tab
Alt + HOME: Navigate to HOME folder
F6: Toggle between side pane and central pane
Know more shortcuts? Share as the comments :)
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