Showing posts with label linux. Show all posts
Showing posts with label linux. Show all posts
Wednesday 31 October 2012
CodeWeavers Announces Free CrossOver Giveaway
CodeWeavers, the developer of CrossOver has decided to run a 24-hour free giveaway for their famous wine-based product, CrossOver.
CrossOver allows you to install many popular Windows applications and PC games on your Linux computer. It's easy, affordable, and best of all, there's no Windows license required. Your Windows applications and games integrate seamlessly on your computer; just click and run. CrossOver is capable of running a wide range of Windows software and games.
On Wednesday, Oct. 31, 2012, beginning at 00:00 Central Time (-5 GMT), anyone visiting CodeWeavers’ Flock The Vote promotional web site (flock.codeweavers.com) will be able to download a free, fully functional copy of either CrossOver Mac or CrossOver Linux. Each copy comes complete with 12 months of support and product upgrades. Upon registering your name and e-mail address along with your version (CrossOver Mac or CrossOver Linux), you will get an e-mail with the instructions for download. The offer will continue for 24 hours, from 00:00 to 23:59, Oct. 31, 2012. Flock The Vote is an initiative to get more Americans to vote in the upcoming 2012 Presidential elections.
Update: direct download links:
32 bit Debian/Ubuntu
64 bit Debian/Ubuntu
32/64 bit Red Hat (Fedora, SUSE, Mandriva)
Installer for all other linux distros
Mac and Others
Sandy survivors, you can still get the offer from HERE.
Read more...
CrossOver allows you to install many popular Windows applications and PC games on your Linux computer. It's easy, affordable, and best of all, there's no Windows license required. Your Windows applications and games integrate seamlessly on your computer; just click and run. CrossOver is capable of running a wide range of Windows software and games.
On Wednesday, Oct. 31, 2012, beginning at 00:00 Central Time (-5 GMT), anyone visiting CodeWeavers’ Flock The Vote promotional web site (flock.codeweavers.com) will be able to download a free, fully functional copy of either CrossOver Mac or CrossOver Linux. Each copy comes complete with 12 months of support and product upgrades. Upon registering your name and e-mail address along with your version (CrossOver Mac or CrossOver Linux), you will get an e-mail with the instructions for download. The offer will continue for 24 hours, from 00:00 to 23:59, Oct. 31, 2012. Flock The Vote is an initiative to get more Americans to vote in the upcoming 2012 Presidential elections.
Get Free Copy Of CrossOver
Update: direct download links:
32 bit Debian/Ubuntu
64 bit Debian/Ubuntu
32/64 bit Red Hat (Fedora, SUSE, Mandriva)
Installer for all other linux distros
Mac and Others
Sandy survivors, you can still get the offer from HERE.
Read more...
CodeWeavers Announces Free CrossOver Giveaway
2012-10-31T07:57:00+05:45
Cool Samar
giveaway|linux|news|useful website|
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Saturday 27 October 2012
Steam for Linux Beta Survey Is Out
Lately, Valve Software, the vendor for steam has been showing lots of interest to develop games for linux platforms and offer linux users one of the best gaming experiences. Valve has today announced its survey for steam for linux beta.
Valve Software writes: We're looking for Linux gamers to install and test our new Steam for Linux client. We are primarily interested in experienced Linux users.
In order to take the survey, you need to first login with your Steam account to link your response with your Steam ID. Once you are ready for beta testing, you can login from this link. 1000 steam users will be chosen based upon the responses in the survey.
Steam community recently got its dedicated linux section and good for us, all these signs seem to indicate that Valve is trying to extend its market over the linux platform.
Read more...
Valve Software writes: We're looking for Linux gamers to install and test our new Steam for Linux client. We are primarily interested in experienced Linux users.
In order to take the survey, you need to first login with your Steam account to link your response with your Steam ID. Once you are ready for beta testing, you can login from this link. 1000 steam users will be chosen based upon the responses in the survey.
Steam community recently got its dedicated linux section and good for us, all these signs seem to indicate that Valve is trying to extend its market over the linux platform.
Read more...
Steam for Linux Beta Survey Is Out
2012-10-27T19:29:00+05:45
Cool Samar
linux|news|steam|
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Linux Cat Command Examples
The cat command displays the content of file on the standard output. If multiple files are specified, the contents of all files will be concatenated and then displayed on the standard output. Likewise, if no file is specified, it will assume standard input (keyboard input) as the input to the command. The Ctrl + d is the shortcut used to save the contents in the appropriate output placeholder specified and exit the cat command.
Print content of file in standard output
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat workers.txt List of workers, designations & salary (in K): Kshitiz Director 30 Bikky Manager 20 Abhis Sweeper 10 Rajesh Guard 12
Print line numbers
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat -n workers.txt 1 List of workers, designations & salary (in K): 2 Kshitiz Director 30 3 Bikky Manager 20 4 5 6 Abhis Sweeper 10 7 Rajesh Guard 12
Print line numbers for non-empty lines only
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat -b workers.txt 1 List of workers, designations & salary (in K): 2 Kshitiz Director 30 3 Bikky Manager 20 4 Abhis Sweeper 10 5 Rajesh Guard 12
Create a new file
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat > newfile.txt We can create text files using cat command once u finish writing, press ctrl+d to save file ^d
Display content of multiple files
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat workers.txt newfile.txt List of workers, designations & salary (in K): Kshitiz Director 30 Bikky Manager 20 Abhis Sweeper 10 Rajesh Guard 12 We can create text files using cat command once u finish writing, press ctrl+d to save file
Combine multiple files to new file
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat workers.txt newfile.txt > concat.txt samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat concat.txt List of workers, designations & salary (in K): Kshitiz Director 30 Bikky Manager 20 Abhis Sweeper 10 Rajesh Guard 12 We can create text files using cat command once u finish writing, press ctrl+d to save file
Append data to existing file
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat >> newfile.txt New line added ^d samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat newfile.txt We can create text files using cat command once u finish writing, press ctrl+d to save file New line added
Alternatively, you can use the syntax below if you wish to create new file combining the content of already existing file and standard input.
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat newfile.txt - > myfile thanks for everything ^d samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat myfile We can create text files using cat command once u finish writing, press ctrl+d to save file New line added thanks for everything
Another possibility is to combine two text files with data from standard input (keyboard) in-between the contents of these two text files.
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat workers.txt - newfile.txt > myfile ---------------------------------- ^d samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat myfile List of workers, designations & salary (in K): Kshitiz Director 30 Bikky Manager 20 Abhis Sweeper 10 Rajesh Guard 12 ---------------------------------- We can create text files using cat command once u finish writing, press ctrl+d to save file New line added
Display $ sign at the end of each line
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat -E workers.txt List of workers, designations & salary (in K):$ Kshitiz Director 30$ Bikky Manager 20$ $ $ Abhis Sweeper 10$ Rajesh Guard 12$
Display ^I sign instead of TABs
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat -T workers.txt List of workers, designations & salary (in K): Kshitiz^IDirector^I30 Bikky^IManager^I^I20 Abhis^ISweeper^I^I10 Rajesh^IGuard^I^I12
Display files with non-printing characters
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat -v /bin/nc
In the example above, the non-printing characters are replaced with ^ and M- notation except for line breaks and TABs. This can be used to display the contents of binary files which would otherwise have shown gibberish text all over the console.
Show contents with tabs, line breaks and non-printing characters
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat -A /bin/nc
The tab will be substituted by ^I, line breaks with $ and non-printing characters with ^ and M- notation. Actually, the -A switch is equivalent to -vET switch.
Supress/squeeze repeated empty lines
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat -s workers.txt List of workers, designations & salary (in K): Kshitiz Director 30 Bikky Manager 20 Abhis Sweeper 10 Rajesh Guard 12
Using -s switch, we can squeeze repeatedly occurring blank lines and replace all the adjacent empty lines with a single empty line in the output. This might be useful to reformat a file with several empty lines in-between (eg. cat -s workers.txt > formatted_workers.txt).
Display last line first
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ tac workers.txt Rajesh Guard 12 Abhis Sweeper 10 Bikky Manager 20 Kshitiz Director 30 List of workers, designations & salary (in K):
It is the tac, not the cat that is doing the magic but just thought that this is the right place to make a note about this little known command.
Edit: Added here-doc examples. Thanks rho dai for pointing me this.
Parameter substitution using here-document strings
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat > test << TEST samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ I am $USER. My home is $HOME samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ I came here from $OLDPWD samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ TEST samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat test I am samar. My home is /home/samar I came here from /home/samar/Downloads
Command expansion example
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat > test << TEST samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ $(ls /) samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ TEST samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat test bin boot cdrom dev etc home initrd.img initrd.img.old lib lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var vmlinuz vmlinuz.old
Parameter substitution turned off
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat > test << 'TEST' samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ I am $USER. My home is $HOME samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ I came here from $OLDPWD samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ TEST samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ cat test I am $USER. My home is $HOME I came here from $OLDPWD
Note the difference between the last example and previous two examples. Enclosing the limit string TEST with quotes prevents the substitutions and expansions.
I hope these examples are useful. :)
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Linux Cat Command Examples
2012-10-27T14:17:00+05:45
Cool Samar
bash|command line|fedora|linux|ubuntu|ubuntu 11.10|ubuntu 12.04|ubuntu 12.10|unix|
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Sunday 21 October 2012
Ubuntu Studio - Ubuntu Derivation For Audio Video & Graphics Editor
Ubuntu Studio is a variant of Ubuntu aimed at the GNU/Linux audio, video and graphic enthusiast as well as professional. The distribution provides a collection of open-source applications available for multimedia creation.
Ubuntu Studio is a free, open source and powerful operating system created for the creative people to create exceptional arts using right sets of tools for audio, video and graphical editing. As an officially recognized derivative of Ubuntu, Ubuntu Studio is supported by Canonical Ltd.
Ubuntu Studio is released every six months, but a long term release (LTS) version is released only every 2 years.
Audio apps include Jack, Ardour, Audacity, QTractor, Hydrogen, Yoshimi, Rakarrack, Gladish, Puredata and several other apps available for download.
Graphical apps include Blender, Inkscape, GIMP, MyPaint and several other apps.
Video apps include Openshot video editor, FFMPEG, DVDStyler, and other apps.
Photography apps include Darktable, Shotwell, and several other useful apps.
Calibre, Scribus and LibreOffice and other apps are available to suffice publishing needs.
Useful Links
Ubuntu Studio HOME
Ubuntu Studio Download
Ubuntu Studio Documentation
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Ubuntu Studio is released every six months, but a long term release (LTS) version is released only every 2 years.
Audio apps include Jack, Ardour, Audacity, QTractor, Hydrogen, Yoshimi, Rakarrack, Gladish, Puredata and several other apps available for download.
Graphical apps include Blender, Inkscape, GIMP, MyPaint and several other apps.
Video apps include Openshot video editor, FFMPEG, DVDStyler, and other apps.
Photography apps include Darktable, Shotwell, and several other useful apps.
Calibre, Scribus and LibreOffice and other apps are available to suffice publishing needs.
Useful Links
Ubuntu Studio HOME
Ubuntu Studio Download
Ubuntu Studio Documentation
Read more...
Ubuntu Studio - Ubuntu Derivation For Audio Video & Graphics Editor
2012-10-21T17:40:00+05:45
Cool Samar
linux|ubuntu studio|
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Tuesday 16 October 2012
Practical ls Command Examples For Fun & Profit
The power of linux lies in the shell through which we can perform complex job in no time. While the directory listing command 'ls' seems to be very simple command, the linux shell provides the power to use switches and pipes to do anything from terminal. Check out this list with practically useful examples using ls.
Any more example that fires up in your mind? Feel free to share over here ;)
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Display all files including hidden files/folders
ls -a
Display one file/folder per line
ls -1
Count number of files & folders
ls -1 | wc -l
Human readable file sizes (eg. Mb or Gb)
ls -lh
Alphabetically sort the listing
ls -X
Only list the folders in current directory
ls -d */
ls -p | grep /
ls -p | grep /
Display folders in current directory consisting certain patterns
ls -l D* | grep :$
ls -l *a* | grep :$
ls -l *a* | grep :$
List files by descending order of modification time
ls -lt
ls -l --sort=time #alternative long version
ls -l --sort=time #alternative long version
List files by descending order of creation time
ls -lct
List files in reverse order
ls -ltr
ls -l --sort=time --reverse #alternative long version
ls -l --sort=time --reverse #alternative long version
List files in descending order of file size
ls -lSh
ls -lh --sort=size
ls -lSh1 *.avi #find largest AVI file
rm `ls -S1 | head -1` #delete largest file in current folder
ls -lh --sort=size
ls -lSh1 *.avi #find largest AVI file
rm `ls -S1 | head -1` #delete largest file in current folder
List files in ascending order of file size
ls -lShr
ls -lh --sort=size --reverse #alternative long version
ls -lh --sort=size --reverse #alternative long version
Display directories in recursive manner
ls -R
Display the files/folders created today
ls -l --time-style=+%F | grep `date +%F`
Display the files/folders created this year
ls -l --time-style=+%y | grep `date +%y`
Any more example that fires up in your mind? Feel free to share over here ;)
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Practical ls Command Examples For Fun & Profit
2012-10-16T00:44:00+05:45
Cool Samar
command line|edubuntu|fedora|linux|ubuntu|ubuntu 12.04|ubuntu 12.10|
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Monday 15 October 2012
Useful Nautilus Shortcuts
Nautilus is a default file manager for GNOME Desktop and is used as the default file manager in several linux distros such as Ubuntu. I love nautilus because its simple, friendly, and clean, supports local as well as remote file systems over different protocols. Moreover, there are several useful shortcuts that make life easier while using nautilus.
Below is the list of the most helpful shortcuts for navigation and file management in the nautilus:
Ctrl + r: Refresh the current view
Ctrl + h: Toggle show/hide mode for hidden files
F9: Show/Hide the side pane
Ctrl + l: Activate location/url bar (You can then provide path to local or remote filesystems or quickly copy the absolute paths)
Alt + Up Arrow: Move up one directory level
Alt + Down Arrow: Move down one directory level (the directory to be entered should be selected for this to work)
Alt + Left Arrow: Go back to the previous folder in view
Alt + Right Arrow: Go forward
Ctrl + Shift + n: Create a new empty directory
Ctrl + (+ / -): Zoom in (+) or zoom out (-)
Ctrl + 0: Zoom to normal state
Alt + Enter: View selected file/folder properties
F2: Rename selected file/folder
Ctrl + Shift + Drag file/folder: Create symbolic link to file/folder
Ctrl + f: Search for files/folders
Ctrl + s: Select files based upon templates (eg. select all pdf files using *.pdf)
Ctrl + 1: Toggle view as icons
Ctrl + 2: Toggle view as lists
Ctrl + 3: Toggle compact view
Ctrl + w: Close current nautilus window
Ctrl + Shift + w: Current all open nautilus windows
Ctrl + T: Open new tab
Alt + HOME: Navigate to HOME folder
F6: Toggle between side pane and central pane
Know more shortcuts? Share as the comments :)
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Below is the list of the most helpful shortcuts for navigation and file management in the nautilus:
Ctrl + r: Refresh the current view
Ctrl + h: Toggle show/hide mode for hidden files
F9: Show/Hide the side pane
Ctrl + l: Activate location/url bar (You can then provide path to local or remote filesystems or quickly copy the absolute paths)
Alt + Up Arrow: Move up one directory level
Alt + Down Arrow: Move down one directory level (the directory to be entered should be selected for this to work)
Alt + Left Arrow: Go back to the previous folder in view
Alt + Right Arrow: Go forward
Ctrl + Shift + n: Create a new empty directory
Ctrl + (+ / -): Zoom in (+) or zoom out (-)
Ctrl + 0: Zoom to normal state
Alt + Enter: View selected file/folder properties
F2: Rename selected file/folder
Ctrl + Shift + Drag file/folder: Create symbolic link to file/folder
Ctrl + f: Search for files/folders
Ctrl + s: Select files based upon templates (eg. select all pdf files using *.pdf)
Ctrl + 1: Toggle view as icons
Ctrl + 2: Toggle view as lists
Ctrl + 3: Toggle compact view
Ctrl + w: Close current nautilus window
Ctrl + Shift + w: Current all open nautilus windows
Ctrl + T: Open new tab
Alt + HOME: Navigate to HOME folder
F6: Toggle between side pane and central pane
Know more shortcuts? Share as the comments :)
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Useful Nautilus Shortcuts
2012-10-15T17:51:00+05:45
Cool Samar
keyboard shortcuts|linux|nautilus|tricks and tips|ubuntu|
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Saturday 13 October 2012
How To Exclude Directory While Compressing With Tar
Quite a handy and useful tip here. Several times, you want to compress files and folders but there might be cases when you want to compress your data excluding some of the directories. Tar command makes the process easier by providing us a exclusion switch.
I was actually backing up data I had downloaded in the remote server and wanted a copy of backup tar file in my system as well. But all those images that resided in the folders deep inside were not necessary for me. So all I did was something like below:
The above command effectively excludes all the sub directories from testdirectory having the string image (eg. image, images, images_old in my case) and creates the backup.tar file. Moreover, the --exclude switch also co-operates the regular expressions so you can specify the regex to filter the directories. As an example, the command below excludes the directories a, b, c, d, and e while creating the tarball.
You can exploit this switch for ease several times in your daily works. I hope this helps :)
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I was actually backing up data I had downloaded in the remote server and wanted a copy of backup tar file in my system as well. But all those images that resided in the folders deep inside were not necessary for me. So all I did was something like below:
adm@RServ:~$ tar cvf backup.tar test --exclude=image*
The above command effectively excludes all the sub directories from testdirectory having the string image (eg. image, images, images_old in my case) and creates the backup.tar file. Moreover, the --exclude switch also co-operates the regular expressions so you can specify the regex to filter the directories. As an example, the command below excludes the directories a, b, c, d, and e while creating the tarball.
adm@RServ:~$ tar cvf backup.tar test --exclude=[a-e]
You can exploit this switch for ease several times in your daily works. I hope this helps :)
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How To Exclude Directory While Compressing With Tar
2012-10-13T19:32:00+05:45
Cool Samar
command line|linux|tricks and tips|
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Tuesday 2 October 2012
Binary, Hex, Octal and Decimal Conversion Under Linux
Base conversions are easy with linux CLI. No need of fancy GUI-based calculator to perform base conversions when there is our favorite linux terminal.
We will be using bc, a calculator language that supports arbitrary precision numbers with interactive execution of statements. We will exploit the pipelining feature of shell and will let the bc process our query to convert the numbers from one base to other.
As seen in all the examples above, the conversion to decimal numbers does not require you to specify the obase as obase defaults to decimal. The same thing applies for ibase i.e. ibase defaults to decimal base by default as seen in the examples below.
Now lets try some conversion with decimal numbers as the input base.
Below are few more examples of base conversions to clarify the use of the command.
I hope this is helpful ;-)
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We will be using bc, a calculator language that supports arbitrary precision numbers with interactive execution of statements. We will exploit the pipelining feature of shell and will let the bc process our query to convert the numbers from one base to other.
From binary to decimal
The syntax is obvious and we will follow the similar syntax for all the conversions. In this first example, we are converting the binary number 1101101 from input base binary to decimal(obase defaults to decimal unless specified).
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ echo "ibase=2;1101101" | bc
109
109
From octal to decimal
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ echo "ibase=8;1101101" | bc
295489
295489
From Hexadecimal to decimal
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ echo "ibase=16;A1F3DF" | bc
10613727
10613727
From N-base to decimal
All you need to do is provide the appropriate ibase value (eg. ibase=4 for 4-base to decimal conversion).
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ echo "ibase=16;A1F3DF" | bc
10613727
10613727
As seen in all the examples above, the conversion to decimal numbers does not require you to specify the obase as obase defaults to decimal. The same thing applies for ibase i.e. ibase defaults to decimal base by default as seen in the examples below.
Now lets try some conversion with decimal numbers as the input base.
From decimal to binary
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ echo "obase=2;109" | bc
1101101
1101101
From decimal to octal
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ echo "obase=8;295489" | bc
1101101
1101101
From decimal to hexadecimal
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ echo "obase=16;10613727" | bc
A1F3DF
A1F3DF
From decimal to N-base
All you need to do is provide the appropriate obase value (eg. obase=4 for decimal to 4-base conversion).
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ echo "obase=4;121" | bc
1321
1321
Below are few more examples of base conversions to clarify the use of the command.
From binary to octal
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ echo "ibase=2;obase=8;1111" | bc
17
17
From hexadecimal to binary
samar@samar-Techgaun:~$ echo "ibase=16;obase=2;AFBE" | bc
1010111110111110
1010111110111110
I hope this is helpful ;-)
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Binary, Hex, Octal and Decimal Conversion Under Linux
2012-10-02T22:12:00+05:45
Cool Samar
command line|linux|mathematics|tricks and tips|ubuntu|
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Friday 14 September 2012
How To Find The Location Of Command In Linux
Sometimes you need to find the pathnames or locations of commands you use frequently. In this post, I am going to discuss two useful commands that are useful for locating Linux commands.
The first command to locate the Linux commands is which. This command returns the pathnames of the files or links. However, it does not follow the symbolic links.
You can also find the pathnames of multiple commands at once using which command.
The other command is type command which is useful to determine if a command is an alias, a built-in command or an independent command.
You can play more with the type command. I hope this helps :)
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The first command to locate the Linux commands is which. This command returns the pathnames of the files or links. However, it does not follow the symbolic links.
samar@Techgaun:~$ which bash
/bin/bash
/bin/bash
You can also find the pathnames of multiple commands at once using which command.
samar@Techgaun:~$ which -a bash cat ls iftop
/bin/bash
/bin/cat
/bin/ls
/usr/sbin/iftop
/bin/bash
/bin/cat
/bin/ls
/usr/sbin/iftop
The other command is type command which is useful to determine if a command is an alias, a built-in command or an independent command.
samar@Techgaun:~$ type gedit
gedit is /usr/bin/gedit
samar@Techgaun:~$ type grep
grep is aliased to `grep --color=auto'
samar@Techgaun:~$ type -t iftop
file
gedit is /usr/bin/gedit
samar@Techgaun:~$ type grep
grep is aliased to `grep --color=auto'
samar@Techgaun:~$ type -t iftop
file
You can play more with the type command. I hope this helps :)
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How To Find The Location Of Command In Linux
2012-09-14T01:05:00+05:45
Cool Samar
command line|linux|ubuntu|
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Monday 3 September 2012
Preventing Accidental Overwriting Of Files In Bash Shell
How many times has this happened to you? It used to happen once in a while with me. A Linux user learns to use the redirection operators such as '>' and '>>' but accidental overwriting starts to become common in commands you use and shell scripts you write.
The accidental overwriting of files that happens unintentionally is known as clobbering and it commonly happens while using the '>' redirection operator.
In the above example, the mycmd clobbers any existing data in the myfile file if that file exists already. Worse things may happen sometime. Imagine accidentally typing
instead of possibly using other redirection operators (like >> or <). Thankfully, you could recover /etc/passwd from either /etc/passwd- or /var/backups/passwd.bak if you hadn't rm'd these files.
To prevent such accidental overwriting, we can set the noclobber environment variable. Below is a session of enabling this variable:
As seen above, you have to turn on the noclobber variable using the set -o noclobber command in your shell. However, you might want to intentionally overwrite contents of certain files even when the noclobber is turned on.
Notice the >| in place of your normal > redirection operator. Using this operator, you can however overwrite the existing files even if the noclobber is turned on.
If you want to turn off the noclobber variable, type the following:
You can also permanently turn on the noclobber by the following command:
Moreover, such accidental overwriting can be prevented by enabling the interactive mode which is available in most of the linux commands. For example, you can write the alias for many commands that are likely to cause accidental overwriting. See some examples of aliases below:
You could even keep these aliases in your ~/.bashrc file permanently. Enabling such interactive modes by default in the commands that are more likely to cause accidental overwriting can prevent clobbering in many cases.
I hope this proves useful to you :)
Read more...
The accidental overwriting of files that happens unintentionally is known as clobbering and it commonly happens while using the '>' redirection operator.
samar@Techgaun:~$ mycmd > myfile
In the above example, the mycmd clobbers any existing data in the myfile file if that file exists already. Worse things may happen sometime. Imagine accidentally typing
samar@Techgaun:~$ mycmd > /etc/passwd
instead of possibly using other redirection operators (like >> or <). Thankfully, you could recover /etc/passwd from either /etc/passwd- or /var/backups/passwd.bak if you hadn't rm'd these files.
To prevent such accidental overwriting, we can set the noclobber environment variable. Below is a session of enabling this variable:
samar@Techgaun:~/Desktop/test$ echo "www.techgaun.com" > myfile
samar@Techgaun:~/Desktop/test$ echo "Overwriting techgaun.com" > myfile
samar@Techgaun:~/Desktop/test$ set -o noclobber
samar@Techgaun:~/Desktop/test$ echo "Retrying to overwrite" > myfile
-bash: myfile: cannot overwrite existing file
samar@Techgaun:~/Desktop/test$ echo "Overwriting techgaun.com" > myfile
samar@Techgaun:~/Desktop/test$ set -o noclobber
samar@Techgaun:~/Desktop/test$ echo "Retrying to overwrite" > myfile
-bash: myfile: cannot overwrite existing file
As seen above, you have to turn on the noclobber variable using the set -o noclobber command in your shell. However, you might want to intentionally overwrite contents of certain files even when the noclobber is turned on.
samar@Techgaun:~$ mycmd >| myfile
Notice the >| in place of your normal > redirection operator. Using this operator, you can however overwrite the existing files even if the noclobber is turned on.
If you want to turn off the noclobber variable, type the following:
samar@Techgaun:~$ set +o noclobber
You can also permanently turn on the noclobber by the following command:
samar@Techgaun:~$ echo "set -o noclobber" >> ~/.bashrc
Moreover, such accidental overwriting can be prevented by enabling the interactive mode which is available in most of the linux commands. For example, you can write the alias for many commands that are likely to cause accidental overwriting. See some examples of aliases below:
samar@Techgaun:~$ alias rm=rm -i
samar@Techgaun:~$ alias mv=mv -i
samar@Techgaun:~$ alias mv=mv -i
You could even keep these aliases in your ~/.bashrc file permanently. Enabling such interactive modes by default in the commands that are more likely to cause accidental overwriting can prevent clobbering in many cases.
I hope this proves useful to you :)
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Preventing Accidental Overwriting Of Files In Bash Shell
2012-09-03T22:56:00+05:45
Cool Samar
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Sunday 2 September 2012
How To Search Manual Pages In Linux
Linux system consists of hundreds of binaries, several syscalls, and other stuffs that do have manual page. What if you want to locate or find the commands by searching through the manual pages? In this post, I am going to talk about one such useful command to search through the manual page names and short descriptions.
The command I am talking about is the apropos command. The best way to learn any linux command is to read its corresponding manual and go through the help (-h or --help) so lets poke through the help of apropos itself.
Particularly, the -e switch is quite useful to filter out your search. See the example below:
Each command has its associated short description and the apropos command searches the short description section of appropriate manual page for the provided keyword. You can also specify the search keywords in the form of regular expression for more flexibility. I hope this command counts as useful one :)
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The command I am talking about is the apropos command. The best way to learn any linux command is to read its corresponding manual and go through the help (-h or --help) so lets poke through the help of apropos itself.
samar@Techgaun:~$ apropos -h Usage: apropos [OPTION...] KEYWORD... -d, --debug emit debugging messages -v, --verbose print verbose warning messages -e, --exact search each keyword for exact match -r, --regex interpret each keyword as a regex -w, --wildcard the keyword(s) contain wildcards -a, --and require all keywords to match -l, --long do not trim output to terminal width -C, --config-file=FILE use this user configuration file -L, --locale=LOCALE define the locale for this search -m, --systems=SYSTEM use manual pages from other systems -M, --manpath=PATH set search path for manual pages to PATH -s, --section=SECTION search only this section -?, --help give this help list --usage give a short usage message -V, --version print program version Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional for any corresponding short options. The --regex option is enabled by default. Report bugs to cjwatson@debian.org.
Particularly, the -e switch is quite useful to filter out your search. See the example below:
samar@Techgaun:~$ apropos -e tar bf_tar (1) - shell script to write a tar file of a bogofilter direc... bf_tar-bdb (1) - shell script to write a tar file of a bogofilter direc... git-tar-tree (1) - Create a tar archive of the files in the named tree ob... lz (1) - gunzips and shows a listing of a gzip'd tar'd archive mxtar (1) - Wrapper for using GNU tar directly from a floppy disk ptar (1) - a tar-like program written in perl tar (1) - The GNU version of the tar archiving utility tar (5) - format of tape archive files tgz (1) - makes a gzip'd tar archive uz (1) - gunzips and extracts a gzip'd tar'd archive
Each command has its associated short description and the apropos command searches the short description section of appropriate manual page for the provided keyword. You can also specify the search keywords in the form of regular expression for more flexibility. I hope this command counts as useful one :)
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How To Search Manual Pages In Linux
2012-09-02T02:07:00+05:45
Cool Samar
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Saturday 1 September 2012
Access Linux Filesystems In Windows Using Linux Reader
Earlier today, I had to access my HDD in Windows 7 through USB bridge which I had been using as an internal hard disk for my laptop but unfortunately it didn't. A quick googling revealed a very useful tool by Diskinternals.
Linux Reader is a free software from Diskinternals which excel in building recovery software solutions. Linux reader supports several filesystems used by Linux OS. Below is the list of supported filesystems:
The program provides for read-only access and does not allow you to make records in file system partitions. This guarantees that the interference in an alterative file system will not affect the work of Linux later. Apart from this, it is necessary to note, that it gives you an opportunity to use common Windows Explorer for extracting data. A preview option for pictures is one more pleasant point, which is worth mentioning. While saving, it ignores file security policies. It means that it is possible to access absolutely any file on a Linux disk from Windows.
More details on Diskinternal's site
Download Linux Reader
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Linux Reader is a free software from Diskinternals which excel in building recovery software solutions. Linux reader supports several filesystems used by Linux OS. Below is the list of supported filesystems:
- Ext2/3/4
- ReiserFS, Reiser4
- HFS, HFS+
- FAT, exFAT
- NTFS, ReFS
- UFS2
The program provides for read-only access and does not allow you to make records in file system partitions. This guarantees that the interference in an alterative file system will not affect the work of Linux later. Apart from this, it is necessary to note, that it gives you an opportunity to use common Windows Explorer for extracting data. A preview option for pictures is one more pleasant point, which is worth mentioning. While saving, it ignores file security policies. It means that it is possible to access absolutely any file on a Linux disk from Windows.
More details on Diskinternal's site
Download Linux Reader
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Access Linux Filesystems In Windows Using Linux Reader
2012-09-01T18:08:00+05:45
Cool Samar
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Tuesday 28 August 2012
Gimp 2.8 Updated With More Features
The GNU Image Manipulation Program, GIMP, has been released with several new features and fixes. GIMP 2.8 features is equipped with several useful features including single-window mode which is probably one of the highly requested features and the latest v. 2.8.2 provides few more bug fixes and updates.
GIMP developers had released the stable release of GIMP back in May and GIMP release note states that the new release is a result of 3 years of collaborative inputs from the people all around the world.
Among all the improvements, the single window mode feature is one of the most awaited features. You can now toggle between the default multi-window mode and the new single-window mode through the Single-window mode checkbox in the Windows menu. In single-window mode, GIMP will put dockable dialogs and images in a single, tabbed image window.
There are several additions and improvements in user interface, tools and plugins. Likewise, several API has been refactored to ease the script development easier and better. Also, the GIMP license has been changed to (L)GPLv3+ from now onwards.
Similarly, several bugs have been fixed including the most notable ones such as not being able to remember JPEG saving options, slow canvas redraw and not showing page setup options on Windows.
GIMP is available for download from ftp://ftp.gimp.org/pub/gimp/v2.8/. You can also choose any other mirror suitable for you.
The release note provides a information on installation of GIMP 2.8.
You can also install GIMP 2.8 on Ubuntu 12.04 using PPA. Fire up the terminal and just type the following commands:
Read more...
GIMP developers had released the stable release of GIMP back in May and GIMP release note states that the new release is a result of 3 years of collaborative inputs from the people all around the world.
Among all the improvements, the single window mode feature is one of the most awaited features. You can now toggle between the default multi-window mode and the new single-window mode through the Single-window mode checkbox in the Windows menu. In single-window mode, GIMP will put dockable dialogs and images in a single, tabbed image window.
There are several additions and improvements in user interface, tools and plugins. Likewise, several API has been refactored to ease the script development easier and better. Also, the GIMP license has been changed to (L)GPLv3+ from now onwards.
Similarly, several bugs have been fixed including the most notable ones such as not being able to remember JPEG saving options, slow canvas redraw and not showing page setup options on Windows.
GIMP is available for download from ftp://ftp.gimp.org/pub/gimp/v2.8/. You can also choose any other mirror suitable for you.
The release note provides a information on installation of GIMP 2.8.
You can also install GIMP 2.8 on Ubuntu 12.04 using PPA. Fire up the terminal and just type the following commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:otto-kesselgulasch/gimp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gimp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gimp
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Gimp 2.8 Updated With More Features
2012-08-28T23:04:00+05:45
Cool Samar
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Monday 27 August 2012
Install XAMPP 1.8 From PPA In Ubuntu
Since apache friends has released the v. 1.8 of XAMPP for linux and windows, its important you guys upgrade your XAMPP. In this post, you will find the instructions to install XAMPP 1.8 from PPA.
The most important updates of v. 1.8.0 of XAMPP are: Apache 2.4.2, MySQL 5.5.25a, PHP 5.4.4, and phpMyAdmin 3.5.1. Since the software components are updated, I strongly recommend to upgrade your XAMPP.
All you have to do is follow the following steps in order:
Alternatively, you can download the tar file for XAMPP from Apache Friends and follow their instructions to install XAMPP 1.8.0. In case you're looking for upgrading your previous XAMPP installation, be sure to follow this How To.
I hope this helps :)
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The most important updates of v. 1.8.0 of XAMPP are: Apache 2.4.2, MySQL 5.5.25a, PHP 5.4.4, and phpMyAdmin 3.5.1. Since the software components are updated, I strongly recommend to upgrade your XAMPP.
All you have to do is follow the following steps in order:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:upubuntu-com/xampp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xampp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xampp
Alternatively, you can download the tar file for XAMPP from Apache Friends and follow their instructions to install XAMPP 1.8.0. In case you're looking for upgrading your previous XAMPP installation, be sure to follow this How To.
I hope this helps :)
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Install XAMPP 1.8 From PPA In Ubuntu
2012-08-27T22:56:00+05:45
Cool Samar
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How To Manually Install Flash Player 11 In Linux
This post will provide a step by step instructions for installing flash player 11 plugin in ubuntu 11.04 and other different versions and distros. This will be helpful for everybody who are having trouble with the software center like I had.
Make sure no firefox process is running and then fire up the terminal and type the following commands in order:
Once you have finished copying the shared object and other necessary files in their respective target directories, you can open the firefox and you're good to go. :)
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Make sure no firefox process is running and then fire up the terminal and type the following commands in order:
mkdir -p ~/flash && cd ~/flash
wget http://archive.canonical.com/pool/partner/a/adobe-flashplugin/adobe-flashplugin_11.2.202.238.orig.tar.gz
tar -zxvf adobe-flashplugin_11.2.202.238.orig.tar.gz
sudo cp -r libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/firefox/plugins
sudo cp -r usr/* /usr
wget http://archive.canonical.com/pool/partner/a/adobe-flashplugin/adobe-flashplugin_11.2.202.238.orig.tar.gz
tar -zxvf adobe-flashplugin_11.2.202.238.orig.tar.gz
sudo cp -r libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/firefox/plugins
sudo cp -r usr/* /usr
Once you have finished copying the shared object and other necessary files in their respective target directories, you can open the firefox and you're good to go. :)
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How To Manually Install Flash Player 11 In Linux
2012-08-27T22:22:00+05:45
Cool Samar
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Monday 13 August 2012
Screen Recording Software Solutions For Linux
Windows users have several options to choose from when it comes to the desktop recording (and only paid ones are good generally) but Linux users have fewer options but robust, simple, and best of all, free and open source desktop screen recording tools that we can trust on.
Below are some of the screen recording tools you might want to try:
recordMyDesktop is a desktop session recorder for GNU/Linux written in C. recordMyDesktop itself is a command-line tool and few GUI frontends are also available for this tool. There are two frontends, written in python with pyGtk (gtk-recordMyDesktop) and pyQt4 (qt-recordMyDesktop). recordMyDesktop offers also the ability to record audio through ALSA, OSS or the JACK audio server. Also, recordMyDesktop produces files using only open formats. These are theora for video and vorbis for audio, using the ogg container.
Installation under debian and ubuntu:
XVidCap is a small tool to capture things going on on an X-Windows display to either individual frames or an MPEG video. It enables you to capture videos off your X-Window desktop for illustration or documentation purposes.It is intended to be a standards-based alternative to tools like Lotus ScreenCam.
Istanbul is a desktop session recorder for the Free Desktop. It records your session into an Ogg Theora video file. To start the recording, you click on its icon in the notification area. To stop you click its icon again. It works on GNOME, KDE, XFCE and others. It was named so as a tribute to Liverpool's 5th European Cup triumph in Istanbul on May 25th 2005.
Vnc2flv is a cross-platform screen recording tool for UNIX, Windows or Mac. It captures a VNC desktop session (either your own screen or a remote computer) and saves as a Flash Video (FLV) file.
Wink is a Tutorial and Presentation creation software, primarily aimed at creating tutorials on how to use software (like a tutor for MS-Word/Excel etc). Using Wink you can capture screenshots, add explanations boxes, buttons, titles etc and generate a highly effective tutorial for your users. It requires GTK 2.4 or higher and unfortunately is just a freeware(could not find any source code for it).
Screenkast is a screen capturing program that records your screen-activities, supports commentboxes and exports to all video formats.
If you got any more suggestions, please drop the comment. :)
Read more...
Below are some of the screen recording tools you might want to try:
recordMyDesktop
recordMyDesktop is a desktop session recorder for GNU/Linux written in C. recordMyDesktop itself is a command-line tool and few GUI frontends are also available for this tool. There are two frontends, written in python with pyGtk (gtk-recordMyDesktop) and pyQt4 (qt-recordMyDesktop). recordMyDesktop offers also the ability to record audio through ALSA, OSS or the JACK audio server. Also, recordMyDesktop produces files using only open formats. These are theora for video and vorbis for audio, using the ogg container.
Installation under debian and ubuntu:
sudo apt-get install gtk-recordmydesktop
XVidCap
XVidCap is a small tool to capture things going on on an X-Windows display to either individual frames or an MPEG video. It enables you to capture videos off your X-Window desktop for illustration or documentation purposes.It is intended to be a standards-based alternative to tools like Lotus ScreenCam.
sudo apt-get install xvidcap
Istanbul
Istanbul is a desktop session recorder for the Free Desktop. It records your session into an Ogg Theora video file. To start the recording, you click on its icon in the notification area. To stop you click its icon again. It works on GNOME, KDE, XFCE and others. It was named so as a tribute to Liverpool's 5th European Cup triumph in Istanbul on May 25th 2005.
sudo apt-get install istanbul
Vnc2Flv
Vnc2flv is a cross-platform screen recording tool for UNIX, Windows or Mac. It captures a VNC desktop session (either your own screen or a remote computer) and saves as a Flash Video (FLV) file.
Wink
Wink is a Tutorial and Presentation creation software, primarily aimed at creating tutorials on how to use software (like a tutor for MS-Word/Excel etc). Using Wink you can capture screenshots, add explanations boxes, buttons, titles etc and generate a highly effective tutorial for your users. It requires GTK 2.4 or higher and unfortunately is just a freeware(could not find any source code for it).
Screenkast
Screenkast is a screen capturing program that records your screen-activities, supports commentboxes and exports to all video formats.
If you got any more suggestions, please drop the comment. :)
Read more...
Screen Recording Software Solutions For Linux
2012-08-13T17:21:00+05:45
Cool Samar
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Friday 27 July 2012
Determine Your SATA Disk Model And Vendor In Ubuntu
Sometimes you need to determine the model and vendor of your hard disk and here is the small tips on how to find those information.
All you have to do is type one of the following commands for the respective outputs:
I hope this becomes useful sometimes. :)
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All you have to do is type one of the following commands for the respective outputs:
cat /sys/class/block/sda/device/model
cat /sys/class/block/sda/device/vendor
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Determine Your SATA Disk Model And Vendor In Ubuntu
2012-07-27T21:36:00+05:45
Cool Samar
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Wednesday 18 July 2012
Why Alias Command With Itself
Aliasing the command to itself to suppress the original functionality of the command and provide it new added sets of functionality can come quite handy for linux users and administrators.
If you have been using linux shell for a while, I'm pretty sure you are now familiar with the `ls` command, if not I think you have just learnt to use man pages. Probably you've been using `ls -l` command to list files with the files size as well. Too bad, you won't just be able to instantly make the sense of the file size displayed using this command so why not alias `ls` command to always provide human readable file sizes. So here is my alias:
This is what I always want to see as the output with `ls` command. The same kind of alias can be used with `du` and `df` commands. There are number of other cases where aliasing a command with itself is good choice.
Another example is the less command. By default, you need to press q to exit less which can be quite annoying if the entire content can fit in a single screen. However, adding -F flag will gracefully quit after displaying the content if the content fits in a single screen. So I have my alias for less as below:
If something shoots in your mind, feel free to share here as a comment :)
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If you have been using linux shell for a while, I'm pretty sure you are now familiar with the `ls` command, if not I think you have just learnt to use man pages. Probably you've been using `ls -l` command to list files with the files size as well. Too bad, you won't just be able to instantly make the sense of the file size displayed using this command so why not alias `ls` command to always provide human readable file sizes. So here is my alias:
alias ls='ls -lh'
This is what I always want to see as the output with `ls` command. The same kind of alias can be used with `du` and `df` commands. There are number of other cases where aliasing a command with itself is good choice.
Another example is the less command. By default, you need to press q to exit less which can be quite annoying if the entire content can fit in a single screen. However, adding -F flag will gracefully quit after displaying the content if the content fits in a single screen. So I have my alias for less as below:
alias lesss='less -F'
If something shoots in your mind, feel free to share here as a comment :)
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Why Alias Command With Itself
2012-07-18T18:15:00+05:45
Cool Samar
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Friday 13 July 2012
Stack-based Directory Switching For Easy Reversal
So how many times have you used the `cd` command repeatedly to go back and forth of two or more directories. Probably you are already familiar to the `cd -` command which lets you switch between the current and the previous directory. But, many times this current and previous directory switching restriction will not suffice and hence a better option in such case is to use the `pushd` command instead of `cd`.
For example, just use the `pushd somedirA`, `pushd somedirB`, ... and like that. Now if you need to switch back, you can just use `popd` command and you'll be switching back easily. The `pushd` command saves the current directory path and then cds to the supplied path.
If you dig more, you'll come to know about the -n and -N switches you can combine with these commands so I will let you explore on this. Also, you can use the `dirs` command to view the stack of directories. If you are some computer student or enthusiast, you have already gotten an idea from a famous data structure called stack. Anyway, I hope this comes handy sometimes like it does to me :)
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For example, just use the `pushd somedirA`, `pushd somedirB`, ... and like that. Now if you need to switch back, you can just use `popd` command and you'll be switching back easily. The `pushd` command saves the current directory path and then cds to the supplied path.
If you dig more, you'll come to know about the -n and -N switches you can combine with these commands so I will let you explore on this. Also, you can use the `dirs` command to view the stack of directories. If you are some computer student or enthusiast, you have already gotten an idea from a famous data structure called stack. Anyway, I hope this comes handy sometimes like it does to me :)
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Stack-based Directory Switching For Easy Reversal
2012-07-13T12:20:00+05:45
Cool Samar
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Friday 6 July 2012
Fix "trying to overwrite '*', which is also in package *"
Today I was updating few stuffs in edubuntu and dpkg was continually throwing me the problem while trying to install kdelibs-data. The error read as "trying to overwrite 'A', which is also in package X" and the fix was pretty straightforward but still I thought it would help someone out there.
Below is the exact error I was getting while trying to install kdelibs5-data from the deb file.
The fix was pretty simple. Add the --force-overwrite switch in the dpkg command as below:
I hope this comes useful sometimes.
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Below is the exact error I was getting while trying to install kdelibs5-data from the deb file.
dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/
kdelibs5-data_4%3a4.4.5-0ubuntu1.2_all.deb (--unpack):
trying to overwrite '/usr/share/polkit-1/actions
/org.kde.kcontrol.kcmremotewidgets.policy', which is also in package kdebase-runtime-data 4:4.6.5-0ubuntu1
kdelibs5-data_4%3a4.4.5-0ubuntu1.2_all.deb (--unpack):
trying to overwrite '/usr/share/polkit-1/actions
/org.kde.kcontrol.kcmremotewidgets.policy', which is also in package kdebase-runtime-data 4:4.6.5-0ubuntu1
The fix was pretty simple. Add the --force-overwrite switch in the dpkg command as below:
dpkg -i --force-overwrite kdelibs5-data_4.4.5-0ubuntu1.2_all.deb
I hope this comes useful sometimes.
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Fix "trying to overwrite '*', which is also in package *"
2012-07-06T17:34:00+05:45
Cool Samar
command line|edubuntu|linux|ltsp|tricks and tips|ubuntu|ubuntu 11.10|
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